Introduction
Hi, welcome to my e-portfolio. I am currently attending Pennsylvania State University, and I am a scholar in the Schreyer Honors College. I intend to graduate in 2014 with a degree in chemical engineering, and one of the requirements to graduate from the honors college is to write a thesis. This is just one of many accomplishments I plan on making during my time at Penn State. After graduating, I hope to join the work force right away in order to start making a contribution to the world. There are two fields within chemical engineering that I find interesting and important for mankind. I have not yet decided which I would like to pursue. One of my two interests is to work in pharmaceuticals. I have always loved the medical aspect of all of my studies and I would love to development new drugs for the world that are safer to use, cheaper, and more accessible, even in underdeveloped countries. Just because someone cannot afford a drug should not stop them from being able to get them, especially when their illness is life-threatening. With that mentioned, I am most interested in developing a drug that will cure cancer or HIV/AIDS. Another one of my interests is to develop a more efficient energy source that will not harm the environment. This is an issue that has been affecting the world for years, and no one has done enough to address it. My essay and speech delve deeper into the issues of the current energy sources. Now my only interest is not just academics and other work-related topics. I believe everyone needs to have an aspect of their life that is fun and relaxing. If you don’t give yourself a chance to get your mind off of work and enjoy yourself in a less serious manner then I don’t think you are living life to its fullest potential. In order to see another aspect of me, check of my blog posts; they explain the measures that need to be taken to find the right balance between work and play through the college years. Please look through all the pieces of my portfolio, and enjoy. Below is the link to my e-portfolio.
Tuesday, May 3, 2011
Wednesday, April 20, 2011
Last StuCo Meeting
The last StuCo meeting was last night and it had a bit of a different exigence. Rather than talking about what we were going to be doing in the near future, we were discussing what we had done throughout the whole year. It created a different feeling. Rather than excitement and determination to make something new happen and run smoothly, we were thinking about what we had accomplished. It was a more humble mood in the GFC as we thought back to what really worked and what should be changed for next year.
It was great to be able to reflect with a group of people who had worked together all year to try to get the Honors College more involved and known in the community. Even when there were points that we disagreed about no one got upset with the other person for giving their opinion. The group dynamic was great because everyone was very understanding and we know we want to accomplish the same goals.
The rhetoric of a group meeting with an open discussion can be very interesting because there tends to be someone who likes to dominate the conversation and state their opinions in a blunt manner. This last meeting with StuCo though was not that way at all. It was very civil and we discussed all the points we needed to without anyone getting upset. Everyone was able to contribute the opinions they had and feel like they would not be judged for what they believed.
It was great to be able to reflect with a group of people who had worked together all year to try to get the Honors College more involved and known in the community. Even when there were points that we disagreed about no one got upset with the other person for giving their opinion. The group dynamic was great because everyone was very understanding and we know we want to accomplish the same goals.
The rhetoric of a group meeting with an open discussion can be very interesting because there tends to be someone who likes to dominate the conversation and state their opinions in a blunt manner. This last meeting with StuCo though was not that way at all. It was very civil and we discussed all the points we needed to without anyone getting upset. Everyone was able to contribute the opinions they had and feel like they would not be judged for what they believed.
Advertisments and their impact on everyday life
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcfViklWRsU&NR=1
Attached is a link to one of the other dorito commercials that aired during the superbowl. I'll give a breif summary of what happens in case you can't watch it right now: There is a guy trimming his bushes and looking over them into the next yard watching someone eating salsa doritos and drinking martinis. The music is very catchy with a spanish flair and makes you think he is watching a couple of hot girls as they lay out and snack on doritos. Then his girlfriend comes over and gets his attention, and you hear someone call out from the next yard and say hi to her. The camera pans and you see that it is two gay guys that are laying out.
From the very beggining, the commercial catches your attention because the music draws you in. The fact that they are salsa flavored doritos and they have spanish music appeals to the audience because it creates a connection between two aspects of the commercial. Then they show the martini glasses and it creates logos because it makes you start to think about what kind of person is on the other side of the bushes. It evokes curiousity and you want the camera to move over, so you make sure to pay attention so that you don't miss it if the camera finally does move over.
Then when the guy's girlfriends comes over, it appeals to your emotions. For girls you feel bad for the girlfriend because you know she probably feels jealous that her boyfriend is looking at other "girls". The guys can relate to the man because they know what it feels like when they get caught looking at another girl by their girlfriend. Then when tyou hear them call out and say hi to the girlfriend and the camera moves to them and you see its a guy, it really surprises you and makes you laugh. This commercial appeals to just about anyone who is teenage age and older. Everyone has experienced these kinds of things after their teenage years and the fact that it is actually gay guys and not girls that he is looking at just adds a funny aspect to help the audience remember the product. With a little bit of laughter after the emotional appeal the dorito name sticks with you.
Attached is a link to one of the other dorito commercials that aired during the superbowl. I'll give a breif summary of what happens in case you can't watch it right now: There is a guy trimming his bushes and looking over them into the next yard watching someone eating salsa doritos and drinking martinis. The music is very catchy with a spanish flair and makes you think he is watching a couple of hot girls as they lay out and snack on doritos. Then his girlfriend comes over and gets his attention, and you hear someone call out from the next yard and say hi to her. The camera pans and you see that it is two gay guys that are laying out.
From the very beggining, the commercial catches your attention because the music draws you in. The fact that they are salsa flavored doritos and they have spanish music appeals to the audience because it creates a connection between two aspects of the commercial. Then they show the martini glasses and it creates logos because it makes you start to think about what kind of person is on the other side of the bushes. It evokes curiousity and you want the camera to move over, so you make sure to pay attention so that you don't miss it if the camera finally does move over.
Then when the guy's girlfriends comes over, it appeals to your emotions. For girls you feel bad for the girlfriend because you know she probably feels jealous that her boyfriend is looking at other "girls". The guys can relate to the man because they know what it feels like when they get caught looking at another girl by their girlfriend. Then when tyou hear them call out and say hi to the girlfriend and the camera moves to them and you see its a guy, it really surprises you and makes you laugh. This commercial appeals to just about anyone who is teenage age and older. Everyone has experienced these kinds of things after their teenage years and the fact that it is actually gay guys and not girls that he is looking at just adds a funny aspect to help the audience remember the product. With a little bit of laughter after the emotional appeal the dorito name sticks with you.
Thursday, April 14, 2011
Relay Speaker =]
This weekend I participated in Relay for Life. At the closing ceremony there was a motivational speaker who spoke about continuing the fight against cancer. He was very effective for a number of reasons. The way he spoke to the college crowd really engaged the audience and made them feel proud about what they had done so far to promote cancer research. He talked about how great Penn State is as a whole which was a great way to encourage the students to continue fundraising and furthering awareness about cancer research. Penn State students have a ton of school spirit so anytime someone talks about the atmosphere of Penn State and the achievements of the student body it automatically reaches the students and grabs their attention.
The speaker also used a great deal of pathos in ways other than just encouraging school spirit. Since the entire 24 hours was spent taking a walk to show that cancer can’t defeat us, he made sure to make it obvious that there are other ways we can fight too. He talked about why he was involved in Relay for Life and said he too tried to support those he knew who were affected by cancer in multiple ways throughout the year, not just at Relay. He asked everyone to think about a loved one who as cancer, passed away from cancer, or who has beat cancer. By thinking about those we know it really encourages us to do something and fight cancer with more fury.
Thursday, April 7, 2011
Media Projects
Today we watched all of the media projects in class. Most of them had a great exigence. The controversies that were choosen to be presented were very relevant to the lives of college students. As we get older, we need to become more well-rounded and knowledgable about that issues that are occuring throughout the world and our community, so all of the issues that were discussed in the video projects had a lot more of an impact now that we are on our own and more responsible.
The way the issues were presented were very successful for most of the videos. I thought they used a great combination of both pictures and text and audio, for the most part, so it kept your attention throughout the entire video. Sometimes a few of the images were a little distracting because I wasn't exactly sure how they related to what the audio of the video was. Also a some points the images had words on them that distracted from the audio because as you tried to read what the image said you weren't listening as closely to the audio.
This same thing happened with the music that was played at different points in the videos. I really liked the music choices of a lot of the groups because it created the right mood for what they were saying in their videos. The only issue I found with the music at times was that when it was played as background while someone's interveiw was also being shown, it kind of distracted from what the person was saying. At times the music was too loud to be background. When the music was played on slides that just had words though it was extremely efffective. Overall the videos were great!
The way the issues were presented were very successful for most of the videos. I thought they used a great combination of both pictures and text and audio, for the most part, so it kept your attention throughout the entire video. Sometimes a few of the images were a little distracting because I wasn't exactly sure how they related to what the audio of the video was. Also a some points the images had words on them that distracted from the audio because as you tried to read what the image said you weren't listening as closely to the audio.
This same thing happened with the music that was played at different points in the videos. I really liked the music choices of a lot of the groups because it created the right mood for what they were saying in their videos. The only issue I found with the music at times was that when it was played as background while someone's interveiw was also being shown, it kind of distracted from what the person was saying. At times the music was too loud to be background. When the music was played on slides that just had words though it was extremely efffective. Overall the videos were great!
Thursday, March 31, 2011
girl talk
The way girls talk is quite different when they are all together just having a little chat session. When its your really close friends and you all feel comfortable with each other then often times the emotions are easily read. Girls need to have these talks where they get everything off their chest and clear their minds of everything that has been bothering them. The true kairotic moment for one of these chats to occur is late at night when everyone is tired of doing homework but doesn't feel like going to bed just yet. The tone the girls have is usually very emotional or a little upset depending on what they are talking about. A lot of times they are venting about the events of the day or one of their friends who did something to upset them. Of course the audience in this situation would only be other girls that everyone feels comfortable with.
The organization of these chats is never clear though. Many different topics seem to pop up out of nowhere and end just as quickly as they came. Some times topics even come up again which can be good in some rhetorical situations such as speeches, but oftentimes the topics come full swing again and they aren't just mentioned as a reminder like they are in speeches. As different topics come up, the conversation tends to have a lot of pathos because the girls feel bad for their friends if they had a bad day an relate to something similar that has happened in their life.
Then the conclusions to such chats are also never very clear. People come and go as the conversation progresses and no one ever gives a formal conclusion to their contribution to the conversation because it would just be weird if they did. When the conversation finally is going to end, another topic is usually brought up, so the so-calle conclusion is just way too drawn out. Then finally everyone says, ok I really need to go now...an the conversation ends. Not a way to leave your audience with something to remember.
The organization of these chats is never clear though. Many different topics seem to pop up out of nowhere and end just as quickly as they came. Some times topics even come up again which can be good in some rhetorical situations such as speeches, but oftentimes the topics come full swing again and they aren't just mentioned as a reminder like they are in speeches. As different topics come up, the conversation tends to have a lot of pathos because the girls feel bad for their friends if they had a bad day an relate to something similar that has happened in their life.
Then the conclusions to such chats are also never very clear. People come and go as the conversation progresses and no one ever gives a formal conclusion to their contribution to the conversation because it would just be weird if they did. When the conversation finally is going to end, another topic is usually brought up, so the so-calle conclusion is just way too drawn out. Then finally everyone says, ok I really need to go now...an the conversation ends. Not a way to leave your audience with something to remember.
Thursday, March 24, 2011
elections!
This week in our student council meeting, a few of the candidates came in to speak to us to let us know what some of the changes were that they were interested in making. Based on what they said we voted on who it was we wanted to endorse. There was one speaker who had a great presence. He was dressed in business casual which made him seem very professional and easy to believe. He had a great voice that projected but it didn't just sound like he was shouting at us.
The issues he presented were obviously geared to Penn State students and because he was presenting his beliefs to a student council group it was very relevant. Student council has a lot of interest in bettering student life and the student community, so the arguments he presented were greatly considered by the student council members. As he spoke he made it obvious that although he could be professional, he is just a student too. He cracked a few jokes and made a few comments about drinking so we knew that he wasn't going to ruin the Penn State atmosphere that many students have grown to love.
The fact that he could look professional and speak in a professional manner but still be easy to relate to for many students was great. The way he spoke and presesnted himself made him very trustworthy which is a very important quality to possess in a campaign.
The issues he presented were obviously geared to Penn State students and because he was presenting his beliefs to a student council group it was very relevant. Student council has a lot of interest in bettering student life and the student community, so the arguments he presented were greatly considered by the student council members. As he spoke he made it obvious that although he could be professional, he is just a student too. He cracked a few jokes and made a few comments about drinking so we knew that he wasn't going to ruin the Penn State atmosphere that many students have grown to love.
The fact that he could look professional and speak in a professional manner but still be easy to relate to for many students was great. The way he spoke and presesnted himself made him very trustworthy which is a very important quality to possess in a campaign.
Thursday, March 17, 2011
Training
Over Spring break I had to train for my summer job. The trainings were for the supervisors and management because we are going to be responsible for training the employees. We had people come in from another location teach us the effective ways to train employees and the information we would have to present. The kairos was there because the trainings we are going to be conducting are starting in april. I won't be able to do the trainings in the beginning because I'll still be here in State College but once summer starts I'll be conducting trainings. So we all want to be prepared for the trainings that are coming up that way we feel comfortable when we have a group of employees to share the information with.
The people that came in tried to make sure our attention was captivated by making the training a little more interactive. They had questions to ask us about what we thought would be effective ways to train and asked us about our previous knowlegde on the information we would be presenting that way we could stay engaged. They also had little activities to give us a break from the lecture feeling that a lot of the important material had. The activities were a good way to break the class up and it helped us learn ways to implement what they were teaching.
The teachers of the training were very outgoing and made sure to speak loud enough for everyone to hear easily. At times they did go into a little to much detail which caused a lotof us to get a little bit bored, but they provided enough activites and engaging questions that they re-gained our attention. We will all be ready now to conduct trainings of our own, and then our employees will be ready to work on their firs day.
The people that came in tried to make sure our attention was captivated by making the training a little more interactive. They had questions to ask us about what we thought would be effective ways to train and asked us about our previous knowlegde on the information we would be presenting that way we could stay engaged. They also had little activities to give us a break from the lecture feeling that a lot of the important material had. The activities were a good way to break the class up and it helped us learn ways to implement what they were teaching.
The teachers of the training were very outgoing and made sure to speak loud enough for everyone to hear easily. At times they did go into a little to much detail which caused a lotof us to get a little bit bored, but they provided enough activites and engaging questions that they re-gained our attention. We will all be ready now to conduct trainings of our own, and then our employees will be ready to work on their firs day.
Thursday, March 3, 2011
MLK Letter
While Martin Luther King Jr. was in the Birmingham Jail, he received a lot of letters from people criticizing the so-called uprising he had created. Martin Luther King responded to one letter though in particular with a letter of his own, now it is known as the Letter from Birmingham. The clergymen had criticized him, so he decided they were a good group to respond to. The exigence of his letter is that he had to defend himself about why he was organizing the demonstrations and why they were ok. He wanted to make sure that the clergymen realized his demonstrations were not extreme like they accused, and show everyone involved in the civil rights movement that his actions were for a good cause.
Martin Luther King establishes his ethos by being relatable and referring to everything he knew about that movement. In order to make sure everyone felt like they could relate to him, Martin Luther King says, "I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers." This makes it seem like he understands all religions and he wants them to be able to be civil and work together. To further how relatable he was, he used a very sincere tone. He was not attacking the reader or the clergymen, so the reader felt comfortable and considered what he was writing.
The letter had very good kairos too. The demonstrations and other civil rights movements had been happening very frequently. He was put in jail due to the events and criticized for what had been happening so he created a great time for him to defend himself. The civil rights movement was a very popular issue at the time and Martin Luther King was really well known so his letter would be of a lot of interest to the public. The clergymen would also be interested considering they took their time to criticize King.
Martin Luther King establishes his ethos by being relatable and referring to everything he knew about that movement. In order to make sure everyone felt like they could relate to him, Martin Luther King says, "I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers." This makes it seem like he understands all religions and he wants them to be able to be civil and work together. To further how relatable he was, he used a very sincere tone. He was not attacking the reader or the clergymen, so the reader felt comfortable and considered what he was writing.
The letter had very good kairos too. The demonstrations and other civil rights movements had been happening very frequently. He was put in jail due to the events and criticized for what had been happening so he created a great time for him to defend himself. The civil rights movement was a very popular issue at the time and Martin Luther King was really well known so his letter would be of a lot of interest to the public. The clergymen would also be interested considering they took their time to criticize King.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Speeches
This week, as you well know, were the presentations of our rhetorical analysis speeches. Although I wouldn't say our classroom had kairos for the speeches, I do think many of the speakers recreated the kairos that the commercials had when they were aired. Showing the commercial that was being analyzed obviously helped, and then the explanations of the commercials made it so we understood the circumstances under which the commercial was shown. After understanding where the commercial had come from it was a lot easier to pay attention to the speeches. Many of the speakers also made sure to use some kind of reference to things that our generation grew up with or things that all college students could relate to. This helped to make the audience feel like the speaker was truly speaking to them because they could relate to them.
It was very interesting to see how other people analyzed their advertisements because there were so many different things that could be taken into account for the effectiveness of the commercial. Of course many people made sure to explain how he commercial related to the intended audience because this is a key factor in whether or not the commercial is effective or not. Pathos and ethos were also common because without establishing credibility the commercial won't be believable and it won't influence anyone, and pathos is an extremely common appeal to use in advertisements. Emotion has a huge impact on people because a lot of times people can not control their emotions. Overall I thought the speeches were very good content-wise; the speakers thoroughly analyzed the commercials in a way that was understandable to the audience. The only thing I would say is that the presence of some of the speakers was not as impactful as it could have been. Many had weak eye contact and could have spoken with more volume and tone variation. Still the content made the speeches easy to pay attention to.
It was very interesting to see how other people analyzed their advertisements because there were so many different things that could be taken into account for the effectiveness of the commercial. Of course many people made sure to explain how he commercial related to the intended audience because this is a key factor in whether or not the commercial is effective or not. Pathos and ethos were also common because without establishing credibility the commercial won't be believable and it won't influence anyone, and pathos is an extremely common appeal to use in advertisements. Emotion has a huge impact on people because a lot of times people can not control their emotions. Overall I thought the speeches were very good content-wise; the speakers thoroughly analyzed the commercials in a way that was understandable to the audience. The only thing I would say is that the presence of some of the speakers was not as impactful as it could have been. Many had weak eye contact and could have spoken with more volume and tone variation. Still the content made the speeches easy to pay attention to.
Monday, February 14, 2011
Thursday, February 10, 2011
Student Council Speaker
On Tuesday during the student council meeting I attended for the Honors College, a representative from the student dining staff came to speak to us. The esigence that caused her to come and speak at our meeting is the closing of Simmons Dining Hall and renovation of Pollock Dining Hall. The Honors College student council is a great reciever because Simmons Dining Hall is in one of the honors dorm and right across the street from Atherton, the other honors dorm.
Moving the dining hall, and the healthy food that many honors kids enjoy will definately have a large impact on them, so speaking to the honors kids is a great way to find get the ideas of the changes out there. The honors kids love to hear about the changes that are going to be made so they can voice their opinion on the matter. The Student Council especially is extremely interested in bettering the university for the students and they love to give their input into the different school projects.
The university wants Pollock to be successful and students to be happy with the new dining arrangements, so speaking to a group that loves to provide student opinions is a great choice. Everyone at the meeting was obviously very interested in what she had to say, and she spoje with a conversational tone which was good because it allowed students to feel comfortable enough to speak their opinion. She was very informative and well prepared with her information, so it made what she said very believable.
The speaker established her ethos by telling us she worked a lot on the preparation and planning so that we knew her information was credible. It was a good presentation and the student council loved to be informed and able to make suggestions.
Moving the dining hall, and the healthy food that many honors kids enjoy will definately have a large impact on them, so speaking to the honors kids is a great way to find get the ideas of the changes out there. The honors kids love to hear about the changes that are going to be made so they can voice their opinion on the matter. The Student Council especially is extremely interested in bettering the university for the students and they love to give their input into the different school projects.
The university wants Pollock to be successful and students to be happy with the new dining arrangements, so speaking to a group that loves to provide student opinions is a great choice. Everyone at the meeting was obviously very interested in what she had to say, and she spoje with a conversational tone which was good because it allowed students to feel comfortable enough to speak their opinion. She was very informative and well prepared with her information, so it made what she said very believable.
The speaker established her ethos by telling us she worked a lot on the preparation and planning so that we knew her information was credible. It was a good presentation and the student council loved to be informed and able to make suggestions.
Thursday, February 3, 2011
Short Sweet Stall Stories
In the bathrooms in Atherton Hall, they had a paper on the inside on the door that the call Stall Stories. They are usually short little articles or advertisements for people to read while they are in the stall. This week there was an article about not mixing drugs with alcohol. I think the kairos of this situation is great because almost all of the people using the bathroom are college students so the issue of mixing drugs and alcohol is very pertinent to the majority of the people who would be seeing the article. It's a great opportunity to provide students with something to read on the topic because, lets face it, there isn't really anything else to do in the stall other than read something posted on the door. Having a short little article like that draws your attention in because there is a lack of other things to pull your attention away. Having the stall be the context was a very good idea.
The exigence of this article was that mixing drugs and alcohol can cause very harmful effects. This can cause very serious issues in the lives of college students because alcohol is readily available in most cases. Peer pressure can also cause a problem with alcohol because sometimes even your friends don't realize how much alcohol you can handle. The effect alcohol has on your body are even worse when mixed with drugs and the article's message is trying to emphasize that so that no one makes the mistake of mixing the two and ends up seriously ill. The sender of the message is the university. They want to ensure that all of the students here do not end up making mistakes involving drugs and alcohol. They are worried for our safety, so they are trying to get the attention of students and stop them from mixing drugs and alcohol before it's too. The receiver is the student body at Penn State. College students are subjected to drugs and alcohol so it is necessary that they know the risks that come with drinking especially if mixed with drugs. The stall story definitely is a great place to put a little article like that because it has a lot of meaning, can be very helpful to college students, and gets their attention.
The exigence of this article was that mixing drugs and alcohol can cause very harmful effects. This can cause very serious issues in the lives of college students because alcohol is readily available in most cases. Peer pressure can also cause a problem with alcohol because sometimes even your friends don't realize how much alcohol you can handle. The effect alcohol has on your body are even worse when mixed with drugs and the article's message is trying to emphasize that so that no one makes the mistake of mixing the two and ends up seriously ill. The sender of the message is the university. They want to ensure that all of the students here do not end up making mistakes involving drugs and alcohol. They are worried for our safety, so they are trying to get the attention of students and stop them from mixing drugs and alcohol before it's too. The receiver is the student body at Penn State. College students are subjected to drugs and alcohol so it is necessary that they know the risks that come with drinking especially if mixed with drugs. The stall story definitely is a great place to put a little article like that because it has a lot of meaning, can be very helpful to college students, and gets their attention.
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
The State of the Union Address
Even president Obama seems to get a little bit nervous when giving a speak- everyone does. It is especially common in the beginning of a speech before you really begin to feel comfortable and get into the body of what you are saying. This was apparent during president Obama's State of the Union Address because in the beginning he continued to take long almost awkward pauses. It was unnatural and distracting because it left you wondering what he was going to say next. As he began to get further into his speech though, the number and length of his pauses thinned out a lot. It became clear that he was much more comfortable in front of the cloud and once he was more relaxed it was easier to pay attention and absorb what he was saying. After Obama was comfortable, the pauses he took were good because the really emphasized what he was saying.
Obama used great hang gestures that were not too big, but still enough to make him look like a human being. He also used sweeping eye contact that kept the entire audience engaged. Obama had good variation in his tone, and it kept things more interesting and easier to pay attention to his words. Even when he tripped on a word he kept his voice under control and kept going without letting it influence him.
Obama had a good appeal to the audience. Of course everything he had to say concerned his audience because we are all Americans, but he made sure to mention stories that were fresh in Americans' minds. He used situations that everyone could relate to in order to keep the audience engaged. Overall he made the speech very interesting and easy to follow. After getting past the anxiety, Obama made sure to encompass many good public speaking qualities.
Obama used great hang gestures that were not too big, but still enough to make him look like a human being. He also used sweeping eye contact that kept the entire audience engaged. Obama had good variation in his tone, and it kept things more interesting and easier to pay attention to his words. Even when he tripped on a word he kept his voice under control and kept going without letting it influence him.
Obama had a good appeal to the audience. Of course everything he had to say concerned his audience because we are all Americans, but he made sure to mention stories that were fresh in Americans' minds. He used situations that everyone could relate to in order to keep the audience engaged. Overall he made the speech very interesting and easy to follow. After getting past the anxiety, Obama made sure to encompass many good public speaking qualities.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)